ATM Monitor Replacement Guide: 8 Details to Verify Before Ordering

ATM monitor replacement is often urgent when a cash machine or self-service terminal develops a dim, damaged, or failed display. The risk is that a screen with the same size and resolution may still have incompatible power, signal, connector, or mounting details. I recommend a structured verification process before anyone orders a replacement.

An NCR or Wincor ATM monitor replacement should be selected by the exact ATM model, display position, original monitor part number, signal interface, power input, connector type, and mechanical dimensions—not by brand name, screen size, or resolution alone. The lowest-risk approach is to review these details with a supplier, validate one sample in the target machine, and let a qualified technician confirm final machine-level operation.

In my work reviewing industrial display specifications for ATM and self-service equipment, I have seen how small differences create large installation problems. A replacement can produce a clear image on a bench but fail to fit the housing, reach the cable, or communicate correctly in the machine. The sections below explain what buyers should verify before placing an order.

Why Is ATM Monitor Replacement Not a Simple “Compatible” Purchase?

An ATM display may fail without warning, and maintenance teams often need a fast replacement to restore service. That urgency can push buyers toward broad terms such as “NCR compatible monitor” or “Wincor replacement LCD.” However, generic compatibility claims can lead to wrong-part orders, repeat labor, and longer downtime.

ATM monitor replacement is a machine-specific engineering and procurement decision. A screen is only a suitable candidate when its electrical interface, power requirements, controller relationship, mechanical design, and operating conditions align with the installed ATM or kiosk configuration. “Compatible” should always be tied to a verified machine model and display position.

Brand Compatibility Is Not Model Compatibility

NCR and Wincor are equipment brands with multiple terminal generations, cabinet designs, display assemblies, and service configurations.^[1] One brand can use different display sizes, panel suppliers, controller boards, cable pinouts, mounting patterns, and voltage inputs across its product range.

For this reason, I do not treat a request such as “I need an NCR monitor” as enough information for a confident quotation. I first need to understand which machine is involved and where the display is installed.

An ATM may include more than one display, such as:

• A customer-facing main display
• An operator or service display
• A receipt-printer or maintenance interface display
• A touch-enabled screen
• A small auxiliary LCD within a self-service terminal

Each location can have different optical, mechanical, and electrical requirements.

A display can be “NCR compatible” for one identified NCR configuration while being unsuitable for another NCR unit. The same principle applies to Wincor equipment.

What a Same-Size Screen Does Not Tell You

A 15-inch LCD with XGA resolution may appear similar to another 15-inch XGA LCD. Yet several hidden differences can prevent a successful replacement:

Verification Area	Why It Matters	Risk if It Is Ignored
Signal interface	LVDS, eDP, VGA, DVI, HDMI, and proprietary arrangements differ[2]	No image, unstable image, or damaged interface
Backlight power	LED and CCFL backlight systems use different power designs	Backlight failure or incompatible inverter connection
Input voltage	Common values include 5V, 12V, and other system-specific inputs	Monitor will not power on or may be damaged
Connector type	Pin count, pitch, orientation, and locking method vary	Existing cable cannot connect
Controller board	The machine may rely on a specific controller-board relationship	Signal or timing mismatch
Touch interface	USB, RS-232, I²C, or custom touch connections may differ	Touch function does not work
Mechanical structure	Brackets, bezel dimensions, and mounting holes vary	Screen does not fit the terminal

I have found that photos often reveal details that a short written inquiry misses. A clear image of the old label, front view, rear view, connectors, and mounting points can prevent assumptions early in the selection process.

What Information Should You Collect Before Ordering an ATM Monitor Replacement?

When an ATM display is down, buyers may only know the visible size or the equipment brand. That information is useful, but it is not enough to identify a reliable substitute for the LCD display in an ATM — the same visible size can still hide a different pinout, backlight voltage, bracket or bezel. Missing label details or connector photographs can turn a straightforward replacement into a costly guessing exercise.

Before ordering an ATM monitor replacement, collect the original display’s complete part-number label, ATM model, screen position, connector and cable photos, power information, mounting measurements, and touch requirements. This evidence gives the supplier a practical basis for assessing display-level and mechanical matching before a sample is sent.

The Eight Fields, as a Fillable Table

I recommend that maintenance providers keep one standard record per display type, so that technical, purchasing and supplier teams work from the same facts. The table below is that record. Copy it into a spreadsheet or paste it into an email; each row is one field a supplier needs before any candidate can be identified.

#	Field	What to record	Format	If you cannot obtain it
1	ATM make and exact model	Manufacturer plus the full model code from the machine plate — not “NCR ATM”. Add the terminal series, and the serial number for your own internal reference.	Typed text + machine-plate photo	Send the machine-plate photo instead of guessing the model
2	Display position	Customer-facing main display, operator or service display, receipt-printer or maintenance interface, touch-enabled screen, or an auxiliary LCD.	Typed text + one photo of the screen installed in the cabinet	Mark it “unknown” and describe what the screen displays — position drives cable length, bezel and viewing requirements
3	Original part number and revision	Every character on the display label, controller-board label, and inverter or power-board label: suffixes, revision letters, date codes, barcodes.	Straight-on close-ups, in focus	Send label photos; a partly typed number is worse than a photo
4	Dimensions	Outer width × height, total thickness including the deepest rear component, active area, mounting-hole spacing, hole diameter/thread/depth, bezel overlap, cable exit position.	Millimetres, with a ruler or caliper in frame	Measure the removed unit; never scale dimensions from a photo
5	Interface	Signal type (LVDS, eDP, VGA, DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort or proprietary), connector style and pin count, resolution and refresh timing, and whether the controller board is integrated or separate.	Typed text + connector photo	Send the service-manual page that lists the interface
6	Power	Input voltage, connector type and polarity, whether power arrives through the video cable or a separate harness, backlight type (LED or CCFL), and whether an inverter is present.	Typed text + power-board photo	Photograph the board silkscreen markings
7	Connectors	Every connector with the cable disconnected where safe and permitted: pin side, keying, orientation, locking method, printed markings, and available cable length.	Close-ups from two angles	Send what you have — a missing photo is a known gap, a wrong one is a trap
8	Photos or drawings	Front, rear, side profile, installed-in-cabinet, and measurement shots. Add a supplier drawing if the unit has been replaced before.	JPEG/PNG set; drawings as PDF	Five phone photos are enough to start

Two notes on filling this in. First, record the operating environment alongside the table — indoor, outdoor, semi-outdoor, heated, ventilated or sun-exposed — because brightness, temperature range and enclosure sealing all depend on it. Second, write dimensions in millimetres and photograph the measuring process: even a few millimetres can matter in a compact ATM cabinet^[3], and a number whose measuring point is not visible cannot be checked later.

What a Good Submission Looks Like

Three artefacts carry most of the weight: the nameplate, the connector set, and the measurement set. The bench photographs in this article are the reference standard — label legible at 100% zoom, connector keying visible, ruler or caliper in frame. Reproduce that standard on your own unit.

1. Nameplate — copy it, do not interpret it. The template below shows the fields that matter. The values are placeholders, not a real part number: replace them with what is printed on your unit, and mask the serial number and asset tag.

MANUFACTURER : [BRAND]
MODEL        : [ASSEMBLY / PANEL MODEL]
P/N          : XXX-XXXXXX-XX      <- every character, including suffixes
REV          : [X]                <- a revision letter can change the pinout
DATE CODE    : [YYWW]
SERIAL       : ####               <- mask before sending
ASSET TAG    : ####               <- mask before sending

Masking the serial number and asset tag removes nothing a supplier needs, and it keeps fleet identifiers out of third-party inboxes. Everything else should stay readable — especially the revision and date code, the two fields most often skipped and most often responsible for a wrong match.

2. Connectors — show the keying, not just the pins.

What the photo must prove	Why it usually gets sent back
Pin count and pitch are countable	Shot from too far away, or out of focus
Keying and orientation are visible	Cable still plugged in, hiding the housing
Locking method (latch, screw, friction) is identifiable	Only the cable end photographed, not the board side
Printed markings on the housing are legible	Flash glare at close range
Cable length is shown or stated	Cropped with no scale reference

3. Measurements — mark the points, not just the numbers. Five measurements decide fit most often: outer width and height; total thickness at the deepest rear component; active area; mounting-hole spacing measured centre-to-centre; and bezel overlap at the front edge. Keep the caliper or tape in the same frame as the edge being measured.

A Practical Measurement Table

I encourage buyers to document dimensions in millimeters and photograph the measurement process when possible. This gives both sides a reference if questions arise later.

Item to Measure	Record This Detail	Typical Reason for Review
Outer dimensions	Width × height	Confirms installation opening and bracket envelope
Overall thickness	Panel plus boards and rear housing	Confirms rear clearance
Active area	Visible image area	Avoids bezel mismatch
Mounting holes	Horizontal and vertical spacing	Confirms bracket alignment
Hole specification	Diameter, thread, depth	Confirms screw compatibility
Cable route	Exit direction and available bend space	Avoids pinched or short cables
Bezel overlap	Front-edge clearance	Prevents gaps or blocked image area

In one specification review, I have seen a display assembly appear correct from its front dimensions but require more rear clearance because its controller board sat in a different location. I would treat that type of finding as a reason to pause and validate a sample, not as a reason to force an installation.

Which Electrical Details Matter Most for NCR and Wincor Compatible Options?

A replacement display can look mechanically correct and still fail when connected to the ATM. This is especially frustrating because the issue may not be visible until a field technician opens the cabinet, disconnects the old unit, and attempts installation. Electrical verification should happen before that stage whenever possible.

For NCR and Wincor compatible options, buyers should verify the display signal type, connector pinout, input voltage, backlight design, controller-board arrangement, and touch interface. A supplier can compare available display specifications, but the equipment owner or qualified technician should confirm machine-level behavior, software operation, and any OEM requirements.

Signal Interface and Timing

Industrial and legacy ATM systems may use several display signal arrangements. The monitor assembly may receive a conventional external video signal, an internal panel signal, or a system-specific connection through a controller board.

The buyer should verify:

• Whether the host provides VGA, DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort, LVDS, eDP, or another interface
• The connector style and pin arrangement
• The required resolution and refresh timing
• Whether the existing monitor includes an integrated controller board
• Whether the controller board is separate from the LCD panel
• Whether cable length or shielding requirements affect signal integrity

A bare LCD panel and a complete monitor assembly are not the same procurement category.^[4] A bare panel may require the original controller board, a matched controller board, or additional engineering work. A complete replacement monitor may simplify installation, but it must still match the cabinet and host system.

Power and Backlight Requirements

Power matching is equally important. Buyers should not assume that displays with similar appearance use the same input requirements.

Key questions include:

• Does the existing assembly accept 12V DC, 24V DC, or another voltage?
• Does the machine supply power through the video cable or through a separate harness?
• Does the display use an LED backlight or an older CCFL backlight?
• If CCFL is present, does the assembly use a separate inverter?
• Is the replacement expected to reuse an original power board, inverter, or cable harness?
• Does the ATM have a voltage tolerance requirement that needs review?

Older systems can be especially sensitive to this issue. A modern LED-backlit solution may offer practical benefits in some applications, but it is not automatically a drop-in replacement for a CCFL-based assembly. The change may affect power, mechanical fit, dimming control, and controller compatibility.

Touchscreen and Peripheral Considerations

For touch-enabled ATM displays, the screen image is only one part of the system. The touch layer may use projected capacitive, resistive, infrared, or other technology.^[5] The interface can be USB, RS-232, or another arrangement.

I recommend that buyers confirm:

• Touch technology
• Touch controller location
• Touch cable connector
• Operating system and driver requirements
• Calibration process
• Glass thickness and bezel clearance
• Required environmental sealing

A supplier can identify a touch display candidate based on provided specifications. However, I would not present that review as proof that the ATM software, firmware, encryption environment, or transaction workflow will operate correctly. Those final checks belong with the equipment owner and a qualified field technician.

How Should You Verify Mechanical Fit for an ATM Monitor Replacement?

A display that powers on and shows the correct image may still be unusable if it does not fit inside the terminal. ATM cabinets are compact, and their display assemblies often use custom brackets, narrow bezels, precise openings, and controlled cable paths. Mechanical verification deserves the same attention as electrical matching.

Mechanical ATM monitor replacement verification should cover outer dimensions, active area, bezel overlap, mounting-hole pattern, bracket design, thickness, controller-board location, cable exit direction, and installation clearance. Buyers should validate these factors with drawings, photographs, and a physical sample before approving broader replacement quantities.

Check the Entire Display Assembly

Many buyers focus on the LCD panel dimensions. I understand why: panel size is easy to see and often appears on the label. Yet the installed assembly may include a touch panel, controller board, shielding, rear cover, mounting tabs, inverter, or custom metalwork.

The complete assembly must fit the available space.

A thorough mechanical review should compare:

• External width and height
• Total assembly thickness
• Visible-area position
• Front bezel shape and overlap
• Mounting-hole coordinates
• Bracket geometry
• Screw size and insertion depth
• Rear component height
• Cable exit location
• Minimum cable bend radius
• Ventilation and heat dissipation space

Why Drawings Matter

Photographs are helpful, but a dimensional drawing is better for final comparison. I recommend that buyers request a supplier drawing for the proposed replacement and compare it against measurements from the removed assembly.

Mechanical Review Point	What to Compare	Buyer Action
Width and height	Overall envelope	Confirm fit within cabinet opening
Thickness	Deepest rear component	Confirm no interference with internal parts
VESA or custom holes	Spacing and thread type	Confirm brackets can be reused or adapted
Active area	Image position behind bezel	Confirm no cropping or exposed gaps
Cable exit	Direction and location	Confirm cable reaches without strain
Controller board	Position and depth	Check clearance against cabinet frame
Front surface	Touch glass and bezel edge	Confirm appearance and user access

Avoid Uncontrolled Bracket Modifications

A field team may be tempted to drill holes, bend brackets, or alter the bezel to make an almost-compatible screen fit. That approach can create new risks, including vibration issues, cable stress, poor grounding, reduced ingress protection, or serviceability problems.

I advise buyers to treat mechanical modification as an engineering change that requires approval from the equipment owner. It may also affect OEM support status, local compliance responsibilities, or future maintenance procedures.

At AplusLCD, we can review drawings, photographs, and mounting data for a proposed industrial display configuration. If a custom bracket, bezel, brightness level, touch solution, or power input is needed, we can assess feasibility during the specification stage — starting from our panel mount LCD monitor range. Still, the final installed-machine acceptance should be completed by the responsible equipment owner or qualified service professional.

What Is the Lowest-Risk ATM Monitor Replacement Workflow?

The biggest challenge in replacement sourcing is not finding a display that appears similar. The real challenge is reducing uncertainty before a maintenance provider commits to multiple units. A disciplined workflow helps buyers avoid repeating the same installation mistake across a fleet.

The lowest-risk ATM monitor replacement workflow is: identify the old assembly, document the machine and interface, compare electrical and mechanical specifications, order one sample, test it in the target terminal, record results, and only then approve a pilot or volume order. This sequence reduces wrong-part risk without claiming universal compatibility.

The Five Confirmation Stages, and Who Owns Each

Compatibility is confirmed in stages, and each stage has a different owner. Making the handover points explicit matters because most failed replacements skip a stage rather than fail a test.

Stage	What happens	Input needed	Pass condition	Owner
1. Documentation intake	The supplier checks whether the label, photo, measurement and interface data are complete enough to search against	Filled eight-field table + photo set	A written gap list, or “complete enough to proceed” — not a price	Supplier
2. Configuration match	Line-by-line comparison of the original and the candidate: signal, power, connector, dimensions, touch	Stage 1 package + service documentation if available	A named candidate with its differences written out	Supplier + buyer
3. Sample installation	Physical fit in the actual terminal: opening, brackets, rear clearance, cable route, door and lock clearance	One sample unit + the target machine	Fits without forced modification, or a documented modification list	Field technician
4. Signal and touch verification	Image at native timing, start-up and restart behaviour, touch calibration, driver and OS behaviour	Installed sample + machine software	Image stable through start-up and restart; touch accurate at the edges	Technician + equipment owner
5. Machine-level acceptance	Transaction workflow, firmware and OEM requirements, observation period, fleet decision	Validated unit + agreed acceptance criteria	A signed acceptance record for that machine configuration	Equipment owner

The four steps below describe how to prepare the inputs for stages 1 and 2, and what to check at each handover. Stages 3 to 5 happen at the machine and cannot be completed remotely by a supplier.

What a Confirmation Does Not Cover

• Same brand is not compatibility. NCR and Wincor each span multiple terminal generations, cabinet designs and display assemblies^[1]; a confirmed match for one configuration says nothing about another.
• Same size is not compatibility. A 15-inch XGA assembly can still differ in pinout, backlight voltage, connector style and bracket pattern.
• A confirmed match is tied to one configuration. It covers the exact machine model, display position, revision and unit tested. It does not automatically extend to the same terminal family with a different production revision, a different cabinet option, or a field-modified enclosure.
• Nothing is listed as supported before it is verified. Until a sample has been validated in that machine — or the equipment owner supplies documented evidence — a part is a candidate under evaluation, and it should be quoted as one.
• Field modifications reset the question. Drilling brackets, splicing a harness or trimming a bezel moves the unit outside its verified configuration, and may affect OEM support status, ingress protection and future serviceability.
• Supplier review is display-level. It cannot certify the ATM application software, firmware, encryption environment or transaction workflow; that acceptance belongs to the equipment owner.

Step 1: Identify the Failed Display Assembly

Start with the old monitor, not the replacement catalog. Record the complete part number, panel label, board label, cable markings, and machine information. If the original display is still functional enough to test, document brightness behavior, touch response, viewing angle, and any intermittent symptoms.

A failed screen may not be the only source of the problem. The root cause could involve a cable, power supply, controller board, host system, backlight circuit, or software configuration. A qualified technician should diagnose the equipment before the buyer assumes that the monitor is the failed component.

Step 2: Build a Comparison Sheet

I recommend that buyers compare the original and proposed unit line by line. This makes gaps visible before ordering.

Requirement	Original Assembly	Proposed Replacement	Status
ATM model and position	Buyer-provided	Supplier review basis	Verify
LCD size and resolution	Record from label	Record from datasheet	Compare
Signal interface	Record connector and signal	Confirm supported input	Verify
Power input	Record voltage and connector	Confirm voltage range	Verify
Touch method	Record technology and interface	Confirm matching option	Verify
Outer dimensions	Measure in mm	Check drawing	Compare
Mounting holes	Measure pattern	Check drawing	Compare
Brightness	Record if available	Confirm specification	Review
Temperature range	Define installation environment	Confirm specification	Review
Certificates	Define market requirement	Request documents	Verify documents

Step 3: Validate One Sample in the Actual Terminal

A sample is the practical center of a responsible replacement program. Bench testing is useful, but the real validation should occur in the target machine under normal installation conditions.

The sample process should check:

1. Physical insertion into the cabinet
2. Mounting-hole alignment and secure fastening
3. Cable reach and connector engagement
4. Correct image output during startup and normal operation
5. Touch response, if applicable
6. Brightness and readability in the installed environment
7. No interference with doors, locks, service panels, or internal components
8. Stable operation during an agreed observation period
9. Technician feedback on installation effort and service access

I have participated in display sample reviews where a proposed unit matched the headline specifications but raised a cable-routing question during physical validation. That is exactly why I prefer a sample-first process. A sample does not guarantee every fleet variation will be identical, but it provides much stronger evidence than a datasheet alone.^[6]

Step 4: Approve a Pilot Before Volume Replacement

After the sample passes, a maintenance provider may choose a small pilot quantity for additional verification across similar machines. This is useful when a fleet has different production revisions, cabinet options, or historical service changes.

For volume procurement, buyers should also confirm:

• Revision-control process
• Labeling requirements
• Packaging protection
• Batch traceability
• Supply continuity expectations
• Inspection requirements
• Shipping terms and lead time
• DOA and RMA process
• Required compliance documents

At AplusLCD, our industrial display manufacturing process includes documented inspection stages and 24-hour aging tests for applicable finished units. Buyers should still request and verify the documents relevant to their target market and application. Certification documents, supplier quality procedures, and sample results should support procurement decisions, but they do not replace equipment-owner approval or field validation.

How Should You Submit the Replacement Data?

Send the filled table and the photo set through our contact form, or by email to [email protected]. The response window stated on that page is 24–48 hours.

Two practical points about sending files:

• The contact form does not accept attachments. Submit the text there, then send the photo set in the reply email — or paste a link to a shared folder. If you paste links, check that they open without a login.
• Send photos as files, not as screenshots pasted into a document. Labels need to stay legible at 100% zoom. Phone photos are acceptable; a flat scan is better for nameplates.

A subject line that routes fastest: ATM replacement — [brand] [model] — [display position].

What comes back follows the stages above. At stage 1, expect a gap list rather than a quotation. If the package is complete, stage 2 returns a named candidate with its differences written out, plus a sample proposal. Neither response is a compatibility guarantee — that is what stages 3 to 5 are for. For background on the constructions usually involved, see panel mount LCD monitors and ATM & banking display solutions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Reading

• Industrial LCD Monitor Solutions
• Industrial Panel Mount LCD Monitors
• ATM & Banking Display Solutions

Conclusion

A successful ATM monitor replacement is not based on a brand name, screen size, or resolution alone. I recommend that maintenance providers verify the exact machine model, display position, original part number, signal interface, power, connectors, mechanical dimensions, and touch requirements. The most reliable path is to compare specifications, validate a physical sample, and then proceed with a pilot or volume order. If you are sourcing a replacement display for an NCR, Wincor, or other self-service terminal, send us your labels, photos, drawings, and requirements so we can help you assess a suitable industrial display option.

Footnotes

1. "Diebold Nixdorf", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diebold_Nixdorf. Published product histories and self-service-terminal documentation show that NCR and Wincor Nixdorf marketed multiple ATM generations and terminal families, rather than a single standardized terminal configuration. Evidence role: historical_context; source type: institution. Supports: Industry and corporate-history sources document that NCR and Wincor Nixdorf developed multiple generations and families of self-service banking terminals.. Scope note: Portfolio history does not by itself show the display configuration of any individual terminal or service revision. ↩ ↩²

2. "Low-voltage differential signaling", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-voltage_differential_signaling. LVDS, Embedded DisplayPort, VGA, DVI, and HDMI are separate display-interface technologies with differing electrical signaling, protocols, and connector implementations. Evidence role: definition; source type: encyclopedia. Supports: LVDS, Embedded DisplayPort, VGA, DVI, and HDMI use distinct signaling standards and connector ecosystems.. Scope note: Interface type alone is insufficient to establish compatibility because implementations can also differ in pinout, timing, firmware, and power arrangement. ↩

3. "NASA-STD-5017B Approved", https://standards.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/standards/NASA/B/2022-12-06-NASA-STD-5017B-Approved.pdf. Mechanical-design guidance on tolerances and stack-up explains that small dimensional deviations can produce assembly interference or inadequate clearance when components are integrated into constrained enclosures. Evidence role: mechanism; source type: government. Supports: Mechanical assemblies require allowance for dimensional tolerances, clearances, and tolerance stack-up to avoid interference during installation and operation.. Scope note: General tolerance principles do not specify the clearance required by a given ATM cabinet. ↩

4. "Liquid-crystal display", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display. Display-engineering references distinguish an LCD panel from a finished monitor or display assembly, the latter potentially incorporating controller electronics, power components, touch hardware, mechanical mounting, and enclosure elements. Evidence role: definition; source type: education. Supports: An LCD panel is a display component, while a finished display module or monitor can incorporate driving electronics, power circuitry, enclosure parts, and input interfaces.. Scope note: The exact contents of an assembly vary by manufacturer and product design. ↩

5. "Review of Capacitive Touchscreen Technologies - PMC - NIH", https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8309784/. Touchscreen references classify projected-capacitive, resistive, and infrared systems as distinct sensing technologies, each using a different method to detect user input. Evidence role: definition; source type: education. Supports: Projected-capacitive, resistive, and infrared touchscreens use different sensing mechanisms and construction methods.. Scope note: A technology classification does not identify the controller, connector, driver, or calibration requirements of a particular ATM touchscreen. ↩

6. "NIST Special Publication 500-234", https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication500-234.pdf. Verification-and-validation guidance recognizes test results obtained in a representative operating environment as more direct evidence of system behavior than specification review alone, while requiring attention to configuration variation and test scope. Evidence role: expert_consensus; source type: government. Supports: Systems-engineering verification and validation practice treats testing in a representative operational environment as stronger evidence than document review alone.. Scope note: Testing one sample does not demonstrate performance or fit for untested terminal revisions or fleet modifications. ↩